Dewitt Wallace started Reader's Digest

Dewitt Wallace

It is the birthday of Dewitt Wallace (1889), who with his wife Lila, founded Reader's Digest in 1922. Wallace received shrapnel wounds during World War I Army duty in France and spent four months in a hospital recovering. He spent the time reading American magazines.

When he returned home to Minneapolis, he went to the public library each day for six month researching and condensing magazine articles. He created a mock up of a magazine with articles on a wide variety of subjects that were condensed for easy reading.

After he and Lila Bell Acheson were married in 1921, they decided to publish the magazine themselves and market it by direct mail. Their first issue was published in 1922. They hoped they make $5,000 a year profit on the venture.  By 1929, the magazine had 290,000 subscribers and a gross income of $900,000 a year. Wallace proved to have a keen sense of what readers wanted in a mass-circulation magazine. He served as editor of the magazine until 1965.

Wallace was a staunch political and social conservative and the magazine's content reflected his anti-communist perspective. He and his wife contributed heavily to Richard Nixon's campaign for president in 1968, and in 1972 President Nixon presented them with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

In 1950, the Wallaces' company began publishing hardcover anthology collections of condensed versions of best-selling novels (and sometimes nonfiction books) as Reader's Digest Condensed Books (now called Reader's Digest Select Editions). The books were distributed by direct mail. The first edition included work by Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Elmer Rice, journalist Morton Thompson, South African anti-apartheid activist Alan Stewart Taton, and an autobiography of humorist Will Rogers, edited by Donald Day.

At it's zenith, Reader's Digest was the best-selling consumer magazine in the country, with a circulation of 8 million, though in 2011 it was cut to 5.5 million. It still reaches more well-to-do readers with household incomes of more than $100,000 than Fortune, The Wall Street Journal, Business Week and Inc. combined. Globally it reaches 40 million readers in more than 70 countries, with 49 editions in 21 languages.

The Wallaces were well-known philanthropists, establishing The Wallace Foundation to continue their charitable giving after their deaths in the early 1980s.

Happy birthday, Arthur Schlesinger Jr.

Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.

It is the birthday of historian and author Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. (1917), who won Pulitzer Prizes for his books The Age of Jackson (1945) and A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (1965). The Kennedy book also won the National Book Award in 1966.

Schlesinger served in the Kennedy White House as special assistant to the President. He took notes during that time for Kennedy to use in writing his own history of his time in office but after the assassination they became material for Schlesinger's book.

Schlesinger was an early supporter of Kennedy, backing the Massachusetts senator to be Adlai Stevenson's running mate in the 1956 election but Kennedy lost out to Estes Kefauver of Tennessee. Schlesinger had known Kennedy since they attended Harvard University together. He socialized with Jack and Jacqueline in the 1950s.

The New York Times said Schlesinger "saw life as a walk through history. He wrote that he could not stroll down Fifth Avenue without wondering how the street and the people on it would have looked a hundred years ago."

He was a fierce liberal partisan who denounced Richard Nixon and led anti-Communist liberals in the McCarthy era. During the 1960 campaign he published a book Kennedy or Nixon: Does it Make Any Difference? It was an unabashedly political piece in which he praised Kennedy's abilities and criticized Nixon for having "no ideas, only methods … He cares about winning."

Schlesinger vehemently opposed the invasion of Iraq, calling it "a ghastly mess" and challenging the basis of President George W. Bush's foreign policy in his last book, War and the American Presidency (2004). Schlesinger died in 2007 at the age of 89.